LAC OPERON
What is lac operon .....? The lactose operon is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E.coli and many other enteric bacteria . - Francis jacob and Jacques Monod proposed the operon in E. coli . Fig. 1. Lac operon - th…
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LYTIC CYCLE ( Reproductive cycle of the bacteriophage )or (Replication of bacteriophage )
What is Bacteriophage .............? Bacteriophage is a type of virus that infect bacteria . .........( In fact , bacteriophages literally means Bacteria eater because bacteriophages destroy their host cell ) …
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C - BINDING TECHNIQUE
What is Band ...? A part of chromosome which is clearly distinguishable from its adjacent segment by appearing darker or lighter with various binding method . .........( from paris conference in 1971 ) Why to study Banding pattern .......…
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DEFINITION IN BIOPHYSICS .
DEFINITION :- Electronic structure of atom :- An electronic structure is the way in which electrons are arranged in an atom . Or In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecu…
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METHODS OF BACTERIAL CULTURE MAINTENANCE
Methods of bacterial culture maintenance :- What is bacteria :- Bacteria, also called germs, are microscopic organisms not visible with the naked eye. Bacteria are a type of biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micr…
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DEFINITIONS IN PLANT GENETIC TRANSFORMATION
1)Transgene :- A transgene is a gene that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another. 2) Promoter :- Promoter sequences are DNA sequences that define where transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase b…
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Major Discoveries and Application of Plant genetic transformation.
What is plant genetic transformation.......? Plant genetic transformation is a way to insert DNA from another organism- normally another plant, into the genome of a plant of interest. - Transformation of cells is a widely used and versatile tool in genetic engineering and is of critical …
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Definition in Bioinformatics
1. Bioinformatics :- discipline of storing and analyzing biological data using computational techniques. More specifically, it is the analysis of the sequence, structure, and function of the biological macromolecules – DNA, RNA, and proteins – with the aid of computational tools that …
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BIOLOGICAL DATABASE .......!
What is database ........? Database is a collection of data which is structured , searchable , updated periodically and also cross referenced . Biological database :- It is the libraries of life sciences information , collected from scientific experiment ,published literature , high th…
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Algorithms of sequences alignment .......!
Algorithms :- Alignment algorithms , both global and local , are fundamental similar and differ in the optimization strategy used in aligning similar residues . There are two method :- 1) Dot matrix method :- - The most basic sequences alignment method is the dot matrix method . - It …
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BLAST ( Basic local alignment search tool ).
What is BLAST ..........? Blast is a ( basic local alignment search tool ) commonly used for sequences database search program based on sequences similarity . (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast. The BLAST program was developed by Stephen Altschul of NCBI in 1990 and has s…
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DEFINITIONS IN BIOCHEMESTRY .....
DEFINATIONS:- 1) Biochemistry :- It is the study of chemical process within and relating organism . or The sciences that concerned with structure , interaction and transformation of biological molecules . 2) Carbohydrates :- It is polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones and thei…
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HOW IS GENETIC MATERIAL TRANSFER IN BACTERIA ....?
What is bacteria ...? Single celled microorganisms that can exist either as independent organisms or as parasite. eg. E.coli , streptococcus ,bacillus ,lactobacillus . What is mean by transfer of genetic material ...? The insertion of unrelated genetic information in the form of …
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ELISA ( Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay)
What is ELISA :- The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) is an immunological assay commonly used to measure antibodies, antigens, proteins and glycoproteins in biological samples. - An ELISA test may be used to diagnose: HIV, which causes AIDS. Type of ELISAs :- The f…
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